Introduction of apoptosis

The cells in the human body are doomed to die, some of which are physiological, and some of which are pathological. The research on the process of cell death has become a hotspot in biological and medical research. It has been known that there are at least two ways of cell death, namely cell necrosis and apoptosis. Cell necrosis has long been recognized as a way of cell death, while apoptosis is gradually recognized as a way of cell death.

Apoptosis is a basic biological phenomenon of cells, which plays an essential role in the removal of unwanted or abnormal cells by multicellular organisms. It plays an important role in the evolution of organisms, the stability of internal environment and the development of multiple systems. Apoptosis is not only a special type of cell death, but also has important biological significance and complex molecular biological mechanisms.

Apoptosis is a process strictly controlled by multiple genes. These genes are very conservative between species, such as Bcl-2 family, caspase family, oncogene such as C-myc, tumor suppressor gene P53, etc. With the development of molecular biology technology, there has been considerable understanding of the process of apoptosis of a variety of cells, but the exact mechanism of apoptosis is still not completely clear. The disorder of apoptosis may be directly or indirectly related to the occurrence of many diseases. For example, tumor, autoimmune disease, etc., there are many factors that can induce apoptosis, such as radiation, drugs, etc.

Some physiological structures of human beings belong to natural apoptosis, such as the tail stage of human beings, where the tail automatically apoptosis during development.