Adverse Reaction Of Antibiotics

Anaphylactic reaction

Adverse reactions caused by antibiotics are very common. The main reasons for allergic reaction are the patient's individual constitution, the drug itself, impurities in the drug, and possibly the metabolites of the drug. Allergic types mainly include: ① anaphylactic shock; ② Hemolytic anemia; ③ Serum diseases and drug fever; ④ Untyped anaphylaxis: The main clinical manifestations are rash, angioneurotic edema, fixed erythema, severe erythema, such as penicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin and lincomycin.

Toxic reaction

Toxic reactions caused by antibiotics can lead to changes in the body function or organizational structure, and lead to changes in the body physiology and function, which are often related to the dosage and duration of drug use. Especially, drugs with low chemotherapeutic index have a small safety range and are prone to toxic reactions. It mainly includes: ① toxic reaction of nervous system; ② Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity; ③ Liver toxicity; ④ Toxicity in blood system; ⑤ Immune system toxicity; ⑥ Then there are gastrointestinal toxicity and cardiac toxicity, which lead to gastrointestinal reaction, arrhythmia, myocardial damage, etc.

Idiosyncratic reaction

Specific reactions occur in a small number of patients and are often related to genetic factors. The abnormal sensitivity to some drugs caused by congenital inheritance is basically consistent with the inherent pharmacological effect of drugs. Most of them are caused by the lack of certain enzymes in the body, which hinders the metabolism of drugs in the body. If chloramphenicol and amphotericin B enter the red blood cells, they can change hemoglobin into denatured hemoglobin; For patients with normal enzyme system, such reaction will not occur after taking the medicine. [8-9]

Double infection

High dose or long-term application of antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum antibiotics, when sensitive bacteria are killed or suppressed, other insensitive bacteria take the opportunity to grow and reproduce in large quantities. The bacteria causing the new infection can be the parasitic bacteria harmless to the body under normal conditions. Due to the change of the flora, other harmless bacteria that can inhibit the growth of the bacteria are transformed into pathogenic bacteria after being suppressed by drugs, or they can be drug resistant strains of the primary infection bacteria. The secondary infections that are more likely to occur when broad-spectrum antibiotics are used include: clostridium difficile enteritis, fungal enteritis, oral mold infection, candida albicans vaginitis and other secondary infections